| 479 | BC | the Greeks defeated the Persians in the Battles of Mycale in Ionia and of Plataea in Boeotia [trad] -- Learn More |
| 0 | | Women's Equality Day in the United States |
| 0 | | Feast of Sts. Adrian and Natalia of Nicomedia, Patrons of Soldiers and Guards |
| 0 | | International Dog Day |
| 846 | | Moslem raiders desecrate the Vatican, but are repulsed from the walls of Rome |
| 1071 | | Battle of Manzikert: Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantine Army under emperor Romanus IV |
| 1139 | | Afonso the Conqueror is proclaimed first King of Portugal (1139-1185) |
| 1221 | | Battle of Mansura: Ayyubids defeat the Crusaders |
| 1260 | | Guelfs capture San Zeno after a 6 month siege, to bag Alberigo da Romano and his family |
| 1278 | | Battle of the Marchfeld at Durnkurut: Rudolf of Habsburg defeats Ottokar II of Bohemia |
| 1346 | | Battle of Crecy: English longbows defeat the French |
| 1549 | | Battle of Dussindale: The Earl of Warwick defeats Robert Kett |
| 1652 | | Naval battle of Plymouth: The English fail to prevent a Dutch convoy from passing through the Channel into the Atlantic |
| 1768 | | Capt James Cook departs Plymouth in HM Brig 'Endeavour' on his first voyage of exploration. |
| 1775 | | First Congressional action on veterans' benefits |
| 1782 | | French fleet captures Trincomalee from the British |
| 1789 | | The "Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" approved by the French National Assembly |
| 1813 | | Battle of Dresden, Day 1: Austro-Russo-Prussians attack Napoleon |
| 1813 | | Battle of the Katzbach: The Prussians defeat the French |
| 1839 | | US Revenue Cutter 'Washington' seizes the Spanish ship 'Amistad', manned by self-liberated slaves, off Montauk Point |
| 1843 | | USS 'Missouri', the first steam warship to cross the Atlantic, and the most powerful frigate in the world, is destroyed by fire & magazine explosion at Gibraltar |
| 1848 | | Battle of Morazzone: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians |
| 1861 | | Combat at Cross Lanes/Summerville, WVa |
| 1863 | | Battle of Rocky Gap/White Sulphur Springs, WVa |
| 1883 | | Krakatoa erupted, killing over 36,000 |
| 1914 | | Battle of Le Cateau: desperate British rear-guard action against the Germans |
| 1914 | | Battle of Tannenberg: German Eighth Army defeats Russian Narev Army |
| 1914 | | German Togoland surrenders to Anglo-French forces after a three week campaign |
| 1914 | | HM Light Cruiser 'Highflyer' sinks the German armed merchant cruiser/liner 'Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse' off Rio de Oro |
| 1915 | | German troops capture Brest-Litovsk, Russia |
| 1917 | | Arturo Toscanini (53), conducts an Italian army band under fire to celebrate the capture of Monte Santo, on the Bainsizza Plateau |
| 1937 | | Franco's Nationalists capture Santander |
| 1939 | | responding to rhetoric from Germany, Belgium iniated a preventive mobilization |
| 1942 | | Australian troops at Milne Bay stoutly resist Japanese landing force. |
| 1942 | | Japanese troops occupy Nauru Island |
| 1942 | | Ramgarh, India: US opens a training center for Chinese troops, to be flown over the Hump |
| 1942 | | Russian counteroffensive begins at Moscow |
| 1942 | | Vichy French police round up 7,000 Jews |
| 1943 | | Italian sub 'Torelli' reaches Sumatra, with critical materials |
| 1943 | | U.S. bombers in China attack Japanese installations in Hong Kong. |
| 1944 | | De Gaulle marches up the Champs-Elysees to Notre Dame under fire from Nazi snipers |
| 1944 | | Filipino guerrillas receive orders for the coming battle for liberation. |
| 1945 | | Soviet troops occupy Matsuma, in the southern Kuriles. |
| 1966 | | Battle at Omugulugwombashe: Initiates the Namibian War of Independence from South Africa |
| 1978 | | Albino Luciani is elected Pope as John Paul I (26 Aug - 28 Sep 1978) |
| 1596 | | Frederick V Elector Palatine (1610-23), King Frederick I of Bohemia (1619-20), the "Winter King", d. 1632, having helped start the Thirty Years' War |
| 1676 | | Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, the first "prime minister", d. 1745 |
| 1740 | | Joseph-Michel Montgolfier, France, co-inventor, with his brother Jacques-Étienne. of ballooning -- Learn More |
| 1743 | | Antoine Lavoisier, French chemist, war profiteer, guillotined 1794 |
| 1802 | | Mariano Arista, general and President of Mexico (1851-1853), d. 1855 -- Learn More |
| 1811 | | Danville Leadbetter, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1866 |
| 1819 | | Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Prince Consort to Queen Victoria, d.1861 |
| 1833 | | Charles Jackson Paine, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1916 |
| 1835 | | Theodore Washington Brevard, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1892 |
| 1901 | | Maxwell D Taylor, sometime commander, 101st A/B Div, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, d. 1987 |
| 1910 | | Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu - Mother Teresa, 1979 Peace Nobelist, d. 1997 |
| 1260 | | Alberico II da Romano, c. 64, condottiero, poet, brother of Ezzelino "The Cruel," tortured to death after seeing his sons Alberico, Giovanni, Romano, & Ugolino be drawn & quartered, and wife Margherita and daughters Amabilia, Griselda, and Tornalisce, burned at the stake |
| 1278 | | King Ottokar II of Bohemia (1253-78), Duke of Austria (1251-1276), Styria (1260-1276), Carinthia (1269-1276), and Carniola (1269-1276), kia |
| 1346 | | King Jean "the Blind" of Bohemia (1335-1346), 50, Louis I of Nevers, c. 34, Count of Flanders, Nevers and Rethel(1322-1346), and some thousands of others, kia at Crecy |
| 1486 | | Ernst I of Saxony (1464-86), at 45 |
| 1813 | | Karl Theodor Körner, Prussian war poet, kia at 22 |
| 1921 | | Matthias Erzberger, 45, German Minister of Finance, murdered by nationalists for having signed the Armistice of 1918 |
| 1921 | | King Peter I Karadjordjevic of Yugoslavia, sometime Foreign Legionnaire, at 77 [8/16 OS] -- Learn More |
| 1942 | | Benito Albino Mussolini, 26, illegitimate son of Mussolini and the Russian socialist Ida Dasler, in an insane asylum, possible murdered |
| 1974 | | Charles Lindbergh, intrepid flyer, environmentalist, Nazi stooge, & anti-Semite, at 72 -- Learn More |
| 1974 | | Prince Junio Valerio Borghese, Fascist condottiero, b. 1906 |
| 2010 | | William B Lenoir, 71, astronaut |
| 2011 | | General Donn Albert Starry, soldier, scholar, military reformer, at 86 |